Interaction of different statins with model membranes by NMR data.

Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors or statins reduce the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is known as a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Despite the fact that statins have a common pharmacologic target essential to sterol biosynthesis, their efficacy, safety, and potential non-LDL actions vary significantly for different statins. There is a hypothesis that pharmacological features of statins depend on their location in cell membrane, but to the present day there is a lack of information in literature on interactions of statins with the surface of the cell membrane in liquid media. The results of NMR experiments showed that all studied statins form intermolecular complexes with models of cell membranes (dodecylphosphocholine micelles) in water solution. Locations of pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin and cerivastatin on model membranes were established by NOESY NMR data. Distinctions in their positions can explain differences in pharmacological properties of studied compounds.

[Coronary heart disease and oncological pathology].

This article highlights main pathogenetic links between coronary heart disease and oncological diseases including the role of apoptosis, paraneoplastic manifestations, and psychopathologic conditions as well as the influence of therapy on CHD progression. Relevant clinical observations to illustrate theoretical considerations are presented.

[Beta-adrenoblockers for the correction of arterial hypertension in postmenopausal women].

The use of beta-blockers is an important component of therapy of cardiovascular pathology (e.g. coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension) in menopausal women. Comparative data on the efficiency of lokren and carvedilol for the correction of grade 2 AH are presented.

[Acute coronary syndrome with ST segment depression on ECG: novel outlook of an old problem].

The lecture is devoted to morphological manifestations, clinical and prognostic features of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with ST segment depressions on ECG. We have studied peculiarities of clinical course of this variant of ACS and its outcomes in 501 patients and suggested a scheme for stratification of patients in groups of risk of complicated course of ischemic heart disease. We have also studied 85 patients with ACS with ST segment depressions on ECG during anginal attack. In therapy of these patients we included drugs with potential metabolic action: trimetazidine (n=29), infusions of polarizing mixture (n=16), enalapril maleate (n=28), potassium succinate (n=12). It has been established that the application of trimetazidine improves course and prognosis of the disease.

Myocardial contractility after in vitro treatment with class III antiarrhythmic drug Nibentan.

Myocardial contractility was studied in vitro in response to treatment with class III antiarrhythmic drug Nibentan. The contractile response to Nibentan in increasing concentrations of 1.66, 2.5, and 3.5 mM was estimated on strips of animal myocardium and human right atrial auricle.

Blockade of beta-adrenoceptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors modulates effect on nitric oxide on heart rate in rats.

Nitroglycerine in doses of 0.4-1.0 mg/kg decreased the heart rate in rats, which was associated with inhibition of adrenergic influences realized via beta-adrenoceptors. The negative chronotropic effect of sodium nitroprusside in a dose of 1 mg/kg was more significant compared to that of nitroglycerine (by 2-3 times). It was associated with inhibition of adrenergic and stimulation of cholinergic influences mediated via beta-adrenoceptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors, respectively. During blockade of beta-adrenoceptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors, sodium nitroprusside increased the time of atrioventricular conduction. These data indicate that function of myocytes in the heart conduction system of rats depends on the PQ interval.

[Possibilites to improve the cerebral venous tonus in patients suffering of accelerated ageing in blood circulation system by the nonmedicamentousal sympathocorrection method]. / Vozmozhnosti nemedikamentoznoi simpatokorrektsii tonusa mozgovykh ven u lits s priznakami uskorennogo stareniia v sisteme krovoobrashcheniia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the transdermal electro impulses directed on ganglions stellatum in order to prevent the accelerated ageing and improve the cerebral venous flow. Using by the angioscanning method it was been found the phenomenon of ectasia in venae jugularis int. in patients suffering of accelerated ageing in 100% cases. The normalization of venous diameter after the treatment by electrical impulses has been found in 31-55% of cases.

[Bronchial reactivity and mucosal bioamines as criteria for acute bronchitis becoming chronic]. / Reaktivnost' bronkhov i bioaminy slizistoi obolochki kak kriterii khronizatsii ostrogo bronkhita.

AIM: To study bronchial reactivity and sensitivity with consideration of histamine, serotonin and catecholamines concentration in bronchial mucosa in patients with acute bronchitis (AB) as possible criteria of its becoming chronic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before the treatment 116 patients with verified AB were examined using inhalation provocative tests (IPT) with histamine, serotonin and obsidian in increasing doses. Also, external respiration function was studied. IPT were repeated after the course of treatment. RESULTS: 87 of 116 AB patients exhibited high bronchial sensitivity and reactivity to inhalations of histamine, serotonin, obsidian. In parallel, there was a rise in the levels of histamine and serotonin and a fall in the level of catecholamines in bronchial mucosa (alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast and APUD-cells). Changes in monoamines concentration in bronchial mucosa were relevant to activity of bronchial inflammation and the presence of obstructive syndrome. CONCLUSION: Persistent bronchial hyperreactivity to inhalations of histamine and obsidian along with high histamine levels and low level of catecholamines in alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and mucus is a criterion of bronchitis transformation to chronic one.

[Autonomic nervous system function and effects of beta-adrenoblockers on heart rhythm variability in patients with myocardial infarction]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie vegatativnoi nervnoi sistemy i vliianie beta-adrenoblokatorov na variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

Heart rhythm variability on myocardial infarction (MI) day 1, 3, 7 and 11 was assessed mathematically to study function of the autonomic nervous system in 101 MI patients. The initial autonomic tonicity (IAT), autonomic reactivity (AR) and autonomic maintenance (AM) were studied. Depending on the site of the infarction in the myocardium, different type of autonomic homeostasis were identified. Moderate sympathicotonia, sympathicotonic type of AR and adequate AM irrespective of IM location were found most favourable in relation to the MI course and prognosis. The spectral analysis of the heart rhythm showed a significant shift of the frequency spectrum in the inferior MI to high frequencies and in anterior MI--to low frequencies. Autonomic dysfunction score is higher in the anterior MI. Psychoemotional state of the patients was determined by Spilberg-Khanin test evaluating reactive and personality anxieties. These characteristics were moderate and high in patients with MI and effort angina, respectively. The study of selective beta-adrenoblockers effect on heart rhythm variability proved that lokren (betaxolol) in a dose of 10 mg/day significantly and positively influences heart rhythm and objective status of the patients. Less effective is betacard (atenolol). Nebivolol is not indicated in acute MI. Significant correlations are found between the findings of IAT mathematical analysis, psychoemotional features of the patients and complications of MI. Parameters of an unfavourable course and outcome of MI are described.

[Efficiency of endobronchial laser therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Effektivnost' éndobronkhial'noi lazerterapii u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Clinical effectiveness of endobronchial laser therapy (EBLT) was studied in 18-56-year-old patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) running for 2-18 years. A parallel luminescent and histochemical tests measured histamine, serotonin and catecholamines in bronchial mucosa. It was found that alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and mucus of CB patients contain significantly higher amounts of histamine and serotonin though low amounts of catecholamines than those of healthy subjects. Levels of monoamines in alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast and APUD cells, mucus in of CB patients correlated with the disease phase, duration, features of endobronchitis, bronchial obstruction and severity of respiratory insufficiency. EBLT produced a positive effect on CB course and bronchial mucosa bioamines. It was superior to conventional therapy in lowering of histamine and serotonin in alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and mucus as well as in raising catecholamines.

[HLA haplotypes in young myocardial infarct patients (a family study)]. / Gaplotipy HLA u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda molodogo vozrasta (semeinye issledovanie).

AIM: Summarization of the results of family studies of inherited predisposition to myocardial infarction (MI) in young subjects from families with antigen Cw4 in phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Young probands (32, 37 and 46 years of age) with MI and the family members were examined. RESULTS: Antigen Cw4 predicts MI in young males living in the city of Kazan with MI hereditary load. CONCLUSION: The findings enable localization of at least one gene involved in development of hereditary predisposition to MI in the group of HLA link on the short arm of human chromosome 6.

[Hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in the early periods in the development of experimental myocardial infarct]. / Sostoianie gipotalamo-gipofizarnoi neirosekretornoi sistemy na rannikh srokakh razvitiia éksperimental'nogo infarkta miokarda.

Neurosecretory activity of two large nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic) of the anterior hypothalamus and neurohypophysis function were examined in rats in the early periods of experimental myocardial infarction during autumn-winter. A distinct correlation was revealed between neurocrinia and the time course of changes in the pathological process induced in the heart.

[Dynamics of 5'-nucleotidase activity in the blood plasma in experimental myocardial infarct]. / Dinamika aktivnosti 5'-nukleotidazy v plazme krovi pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda.

The authors studied in the bloodflow the appearance of the damaged external cellular membranes of the heart during the development of experimental myocardial infarction. The appearance of the external cellular membranes was judged by the activity of their specific marked 51-nucleotidase. It was established that myocardial infarction leads to increased activity of 51-nucleotidase in the blood plasma, which is retained for about 1 month. The maximum of activity of 51-nucleotidase reflects the most intensive resorption of the damaged cardiac tissue, and is seen from 3 to 7 days after the accident. During these time limits thrombotic complications are especially dangerous.